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A line of metal goes round and round a pole . Now imagine a very big screw inside a tube . The bottom end sits in a river . This machine has a famous name . It is the Archimedes screw . Archimedes lived in Syracuse , in Sicily , in the 3rd century BC . Today Sicily is part of Italy . Historians do not agree that he made the first one . But the machine carries his name . First , the bottom of the tube is in the water . Second , someone turns the pole . Water goes into the lowest loop of the screw . Third , the pole keeps turning , and the loop moves up . The water stays in the loop and goes up with it . At the top , the water pours out . Long ago , people turned the pole by hand , or with animals or windmills . Today a motor does the work . At Kinderdijk , in the Netherlands , three big screws pump water from low land into a river . They do the work of 19 windmills . The old windmills still stand there , next to the pumps . Some screws also lift live fish out of ponds at fish farms . So the next time you see a screw , remember the water . A turning pole can carry it up . 
