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In January 1862 Charles Darwin received orchids from Madagascar . An English orchid grower , James Bateman , had sent them . Darwin measured the flower 's nectar tube and found that it was about thirty centimetres long , with nectar only at the very end . In a letter to a friend that month he wrote , " Good heavens , what insect can suck it ! " Darwin then put a bold idea into his 1862 book about orchids . He wrote that Madagascar must have a moth with a tongue about 25 to 28 centimetres long . Some scientists doubted the idea . Wallace , another scientist , supported it in 1867 and published a drawing of the moth . In 1903 two scientists , Walter Rothschild and Karl Jordan , described the moth . Its tongue can be up to about 28 centimetres long , and its name means " predicted . " Seeing it at the flower took longer . In 1992 the German biologist Lutz Wasserthal saw the moth visiting the orchid and photographed it , using large flight tents . In 2003 Phil DeVries photographed moths at the flowers in the wild . A flower and its visitor can shape each other over a very long time . The long tube and the long tongue fit together like a lock and a key . Darwin read the flower like a clue and saw the moth years before its discovery . Next time you see a flower , look at its shape and ask who it is made for . 
